Guides & Knowledge
Expert knowledge from our manufacturer Eko-Okna on windows, doors, glazing and accessories – clearly explained.
Windows
Arched windows are usually associated with the classic style, mansions, palaces and tenement houses. Decorated with muntins, they allow faithful representation of the historical style of architecture. Thanks to the wide range of shapes, they are now eagerly used also in more modern arrangements. Full arch The height of the arch is equal to of the base of the arch. A full arch is a segment (exactly half) of a circle. Segmental arch The height of the arch is less than half the base of the arch. The segmental arc is a segment of a circle. Gothic arch The height of the arch is greater than the half of the base of the arch. The gothic arch is not a segment of a circle. Basket arch The height of the arch is less than half the base of the arch. The basket arch is not a segment of a circle. 1 Arch height 2 Arch base 3 Total window height Windows’ shape Security classes in the window
It is a layer of acrylic glass on a PVC profile that noticeably improves the durability and resistance of the window to mechanical damage. During production, more specifically the co-extrusion process, a permanent bond between white basic PVC profile and coloured acrylic glass is formed. Both materials have the same temperature expansion - so the risk of delamination is eliminated.
Decompression holes are holes milled in the external chamber, in the upper part of the frame. Their task is to equalise the pressure and temperature inside the profiles, which increases the joinery's resistance to water by at least 2 classes and at the same time makes it much more resistant to hot weather.
Architectural novelties require architects and window suppliers to use even bigger windows with a big glazing surface and narrow profiles. Such solutions allow having rooms full of natural light, which benefits the well-being and increases the comfort of use. Glass gluing is one of the options, which gives us innovative constructions with better parameters.
Chamber in PVC profiles - a segment filled with air, which affects the thermal, stability and resistance to deformation of the entire window. The outer chamber is used for drainage, hence the openings in it. The other chambers act as insulation.
Ideal 4000 monoblock - designed for installation in the insulation layer. The monoblock frames are produced in a large range of widths, which will allow you to choose the right one depending on the insulation thickness of the building. There is a monoblock frame rebate on the inside, thanks to which window installation will not be a problem for you and gypsum processing will not be necessary. On the outside there is a special shelf (window sill), which aesthetically masks insulation around the entire perimeter from the outside of the frame.
Profile classes - In accordance with the applicable standards EN 12608: 2004, each PVC window profile belongs to the appropriate class. Particular classes differ from each other in terms of the thickness of the visible and invisible profile walls.
PVC Window Profiles AD and MD. What should you know about them?The selection of appropriate PVC window profiles is fundamental for durable, energy-efficient, and aesthetically pleasing window joinery. One of the key criteria for classifying profiles is the sealing method and number of seals. In this context, we distinguish two main systems: AD (Anschlag Dichtung - rebate gasket) and MD (Mittel Dichtung - middle gasket). Understanding these differences will enable you to professionally advise clients, ensuring they make a conscious choice. AD system – rebate gasket Window profiles in the AD system are characterized by two rebate gaskets. These gaskets are located on the external and internal sides - one on the frame on the external side, and the other on the sash on the internal side.
Renovation - you can use the renovation frame system to install windows without having to dismantle old frames. The frame is specially lowered to compensate for the loss of glazing surface caused by leaving the old structure. You will not have to dismantle the old joinery at your client's, thanks to which the façade and walls will remain undamaged. Door frames that would require tearing out are completely covered from the inside with a renovation fin, and from the outside, the old frame is covered with a flat bar of your choice. You can adapt system masking profiles, such as flat bars and angles, and install an external window sill, which is specially adapted to renovation frames.
Ideal 4000 renovation - the renovation framework system can be used to install windows without removing old frames. We offer two renovation fins: 20mm, 40 mm or 65 mm. Thanks to this solution, you have the option of trimming the renovation flange, but you must remember that the minimum trimming is 10 mm. The frame is specially lowered to compensate for the loss of glazing surface caused by leaving the old structure. Window installation will not be a problem for you because it is fast and easy. You will not have to dismantle your old joinery at your client's, so that the facade and walls will remain without damage. The door frames that would require tearing are completely covered with a renovation fin from the inside, and from the outside, the old frame is covered by the flat bar you choose. You can add top-mounted roller shutters to windows with a renovation frame. To make it possible, in this case, the upper renovation fin must be cut off. It is not necessary to shear the fin when choosing an external roller blind. System masking profiles, such as flat bars and angles, can also be adapted to the window with the renovation frame, and an external window sill can be mounted, which is specially adapted for the renovation frames. The wide range of Aluplast veneers will emphasize the individuality of the window and door joinery that you mount with your customers.
Fixed windowsAlso referred to as "fix in the frame". Marked with the graphic symbol "X" or inscription "FIX". Fixed Sash windowAlso referred to as "fix in the sash". Marked with the symbol "FF". Tilt windowGraphically marked with two lines arranged in the shape of an arrow, the tip of which indicates the position of the handle. Turn windowGraphically marked with two lines arranged in the shape of an arrow, the tip of which indicates the position of the handle. Turn window opening direction is defined by the hinges placement. The window presented in the picture is a left turn window (which means that the hinges are placed on the left, and that’s why the window opens to the left). Tilt and Turn windowMarked graphically with overlapping lines used to denote the tilt and turn functions. The tip of the horizontal arrow shows the position of the handle. Window opening direction is defined by the hinges placement. The window presented in the picture is a left tilt and turn window (which means that the hinges are placed on the left, and that’s why the window opens to the left).
Windows and balcony doors on the ground floor are the most common targets for burglars trying to get into an apartment. The most common method of burglary is breaking the window sash against the frame.
A characteristic feature of static fasteners is steel, which is characterized by a static value. Static connectors are used to connect large structures to stabilize the whole. In order for the static connector to fulfill its function, it must be attached to the wall of the building (this window is attached to the connector and not vice versa). It is recommended to absolutely join structures for dimensions above:white > 7 m²veneer > 5.5 m²Types of connectors Aluplast: Patio Handles EXHIBITION STAND OFFER
Steigende Energiekosten veranlassen die Verbraucher, auf vielen Ebenen nach Einsparungen zu suchen. Eine Möglichkeit, dies zu tun, ist die Einstellung der Fenster im Sommer-Winter-Modus. Diese einfache Lösung gibt Ihnen die Möglichkeit, Ihre Fensterrahmen an die Jahreszeit und die Witterungsbedingungen anzupassen. Bereiten Sie Ihre Fenster und Ihre Wohnung entsprechend auf die Minustemperaturen draußen vor.
Doors
Warm aluminium - Warm aluminum joinery has partitions and thermal breaks. It is characterized by increased thermal insulation parameters, allowing for thermal energy permeability at the same or comparable level as other elements of the external structure of the facility. As a temperature conductor, aluminum needs plastic elements in order not to transfer temperature to the inner chamber of the window. Outdoor joinery, subjected to weather conditions, takes the ambient temperature and needs thermal barriers in order not to conduct it inside. Cold aluminium systems in our offer: ALUPROF MB-45ALIPLAST ECONOLINE Warm aluminium systems in our offer: We can choose from a whole range of systems from the following suppliers: Aluprof, Aliplast, Deceunick / Decalu, ReynaersCurrently, the warmest aluminum profile available in our offer is MB-104 Passive AERO, which has been certified by Passive House Institute DarmstadtTypes of aluminium lockers: cold aluminum: no thermal breakwarm aluminum: with a thermal breakwarm aluminum HI, SI: with an additional thermal insulatorDifferences between systems: Which means if the system is cold or warm?The difference is mainly due to the lack of requirements for thermal insulation parameters for cold systems and increased parameters for warm systems. They differ in the structure of profiles, the number of chambers, the presence of thermal breaks in warm systems and their absence in cold systems. They also differ in the depth of the building and the width of the profiles. Cold ones will usually be narrower, which in turn means the possibility of using limited glazing and filling packages. Warm aluminum has much greater possibilities, which additionally improves the thermal insulation parameters of the structure. Cold aluminum systems are usually used inside buildings and do not require drainage, while warm systems create a number of innovative window, door, façade, lift and slide solutions, etc. that meet the latest requirements for passive construction.
Angle connectors are used to connect structures at different angles, they enable the use of system solutions in situations that require it. The connectors can be used in almost all aluminum systems. Almost every one has at least one of the three types of corner fittings. One set allows more than one combination of this type to be used. The connectors are not compatible with each other. They are intended for vertical use. Connecting using system angle connectors provides an aesthetic appearance and a stable solution. The couplings can be strengthened, if necessary, by adding steel pipes inside them. However, these are not system elements and are not included in our offer. Types of aluminum connectorsThere are three types of corner connectors in aluminum joinery:90°, 45° (135°) and a variable angle post (shown in the example MB-104 Passive Aero)1. 90° connectionEnabling the combination of profiles at right angles. It is present in most of the aluminum systems available in our offer, even in lift and slide, sliding or accordion system.e.g. Aliplast Imperial using the IP050 angle connectore.g. MB-77HSIn the MB-77HS system, there is an angular connector 90°: K518880, which allows to connect two HST structures built on a double-track frame.2. The 45° connectionAllows the system to connect the structures with each other at this specific angle. This solution is found in most aluminum systems, it does not apply to sliding and lift-sliding structures.e.g. MB-79N3. Tube connector (angle-adjustable pole)Connecting this type of aluminum joinery connector requires specifying the exact joining angle due to the necessity to set it in production. For this type of solution, two columns with adjustable angle are available systemically and will be selected in relation to the given angle of connection. These solutions are available in selected aluminum joinery systems. K520031 allows the use of joints at an angle from 80° to 130°, and in turn K520030 for a range from 130° to 180°.e.g. MB-79N Despiro Reynaers
Falling threshold Kaltefeind
Door closer, as the name implies, will shut the door on its own. This accessory uses the strength put into the door opening to close it. The strength is cumulated in the element of the door closer which is a dedicated spring which closes the sash subsequently (moment of giving away the gathered energy). Door closers will help you solve the problem of frequently opened door sashes: in summer, cold air from the AC will stay in the room, and in winter cold air from the outside won’t lower the temperature inside the building (this will reduce energy costs). Door closers can be matched to the character of the interior, thanks to that they can be a stylish touch and at the same time meet the architectural requirements. Before you select a specific type of door closer, find out what traffic occurs in that place. A big advantage of door closers is that they can be adjusted to our window and door joinery:PVC, wood, aluminum, steel. Our company's offer includes door closers from 4 manufacturers:
An electric strike is an electromechanical device used for remote, wire opening of doors or fences. It is characterized by a so-called "movable latch". It is the most popular and cheapest solution currently used in access control systems. We distinguish two subtypes:aversive, reversive. In the case of an aversive electric strike, applying voltage to the electric strike coil causes its unlocking, and in the case of the reversive one, it's the other way around - applying voltage blocks the electric strike (without power, it's unlocked). We distinguish electric strikes with:memory (impluse-steered), a switch (the option to mechanically unlock the pawl), reversive, aversive, reinforced (endures pressure up to 1000kg), low-current (with a lowered power consumption).
A proximity reader, it supports RFID cards with the latest encryption and high data security, this results in better control and comfortable door operation. Benefits for users: Wi-Fi and Bluetooth chip as standard, 128-bit AES encryption and access protocols, controllable via the SIEGENIA Comfort app, user management, timing control, management of up to 200 users and/or 800 variables, one-time and temporary access permissions, an adjustable colour of the LED backlighting allows for colour matching to the exterior door, brightness of LED lighting manually/automatically adjustable, a consistent design line.
What is an anti-panic hardware?Anti-panic hardware are special devices installed on evactuation doors that allow simple and secure opening of the door from the inside of the building according to the direction of evacuation of people in the corridors or staircases, regardless of the block and locks that prevent the door from being opened from the outside. What does an anti-panic lock rely on?Anti-panic locks are constructed in such a way that unlocking from the inside is possible when pressing a special lever. This type of lock fulfills its role when it allows an almost immediate exit from the building - realeasing the door shouldn't take more than a second. When do we use anti-panic handles?Doors that are an evacuation exit from a room, in which more than 300 people can be at the same time, and doors on an evacuation path from that room should be equipped with anti-panic devices. How does an evacuation door operate?The most characteristic element of anti-panic closings is a pressure bar or a pressure strip, which replaces a traditional handle. Doors with such a lock should always open when pressure is put on the bar or strip.
The door insert is an element of the lock located in its central part, to which, as the name suggests, a suitable key is put. It has latches that block the whole mechanism and prevent the door from opening. After twisting it, we can move the bolt that blocks the door, so just close or open it. Without a doubt, the insert has a significant impact on the safety of assets. In our offer, we have inserts from the following suppliers: ABUS, GU, and DOM.Unified inserts - the main advantage of such a system is having one key for many inserts. Half-inserts - also called one-sided inserts, allow the door to be opened using a key only from one side. On the other side, the half-insert is pretty much invisible; there isn't a mechanism that would allow its emergency opening. Cylinder inserts - mechanical locking elements, usually separate from the cooperating lock, used to protect against drilling. Its application allows for a significant increase in the safety level of the building. Inserts for locks - types
Victory door handle from the Medos manufacturer. Technical specificationshank part made of aluminum, corpse made of zamak, grille covering the mounting screws made of aluminum, available in two versions of grille shape - rectangular and oval, available in 3 sizes of distance between the handle and cylinder insert – 72, 85 and 92mm, available in 3 versions of escutcheons width – 32, 36 and 52mm, an option of painting for any RAL color on special request, standard spindle sizes available – 96, 112, 128 and 144mm, internal part equipped with a mechanism which supports the upkeep of handle position, mounting screws and spindle are provided along the product. Available colors:white, brown, gold, silver, cream, inox, black.
Product characteristics:high-quality optical viewfinder, viewing angle 130°, made of brass, fitted with a special back insert to ensure the highest level of protection and safety inside the room, maintenance: cleaning with a dry cloth. Technical specification:dimensions: ø14, 15-25mm, product length: 50 mm, width: 30 mm, height: 30 mm, weight: 29 grams, material: brass, finish: chrome matt
The 3-point automatic espagnolette has a main lock bolt and two cassettes with automatic latch bolts. From the outside, unlocking is done by turning the key, and from the inside - using the door handle.
Access control - is a set of interacting devices aimed at identifying the entity that wants to gain access to a secured room or building.
Sliding systems
Sun protection
Fences
Glazing
Securit Alarm Loop effectively solves the problem of securing your building from intrusion. It makes your spaces even more secure.
BIOCLEAN is made by applying a durable and transparent coating with photocatalytic and hydrophilic effects on the glass surface. The natural effects of sun and rain helps with keeping the glass clean for longer. The glass is therefore easier to clean than other windows.
Cool-Lite - sunscreen glass; protection from heating the room, ensuring an optimal amount of daylight inside at the same time. Low value of the solar energy permeability coefficient results in minimizing the discomfort related to the overheating of rooms in the summer period.
ECLAZ is a coating added to low-emission glass. ECLAZ combines high thermal performance with excellent translucency. ECLAZ® thermal insulation glazing allows you to improve energy efficiency and translucency at the same time, without sacrificing the window's thermal insulation properties in comparison with other glazing. The glass helps save heat energy in winter while reducing the production of cold air from air conditioners in summer. Thanks to its translucency, it reduces the amount of artificial light illuminating rooms. It meets strict legal requirements for energy efficiency of new buildings. Recommended for cold climates and windows facing north and east. Thanks to this coating, triple-pane windows let into the building up to 10% more solar energy.
What is the Rw coefficient?
Selective glass is coated on the exterior side with a special layer that reduces the amount of solar energy entering the building, while maintaining a relatively high level of light transmission. Sun protection glass can reduce costs related to the use of air conditioners during summer. This glass is available only for insulating glass units and cannot be used in single panes. Using high-quality selective glass, such as Guardian Sun, ensures easier temperature control inside the building throughout the year and can limit the effects of UV radiation. Available selective glass: Cool-Lite SKN (154, 165, 176), Guardian Sun (35, 39)
Drills for single glass:
fully integrated window cover, no glazing unit decompression, magnetic cord manual control, solar-powered electric motor control, integrated with the glass unit, maintenance-free, no cleaning required, manual (magnetic cord) or electric (solar power motor) control, shading level: 18–100%.
Seralit is a glass onto which a pattern is applied using a screen-printing method, covered with an opaque or translucent mineral enamel. Modern enamels do not contain dangerous metals such as lead, cadmium, mercury or chromium VI.
Muntins are in other words vertical and horizontal elements which separate the window glass. Muntin, as a separate element of the window, fulfills a decorative function, and in case of the need to use stabilization in the construction in the form of vertical or horizontal bars, the window is aesthetically pleasing and at the same time stable. The muntins give windows an elegant and unique look. In our offer, we distinguish between the following muntins:decorative internal muntins 8mm, decorative internal muntins in sizes 18, 26, 45mm, muntins with duplex. Colour options for 8 mm muntin bars: gold, matte gold, matte silver, white. Colour options for wider muntin bars: RAL palette, any veneer package. Finish for PVC and aluminium adhered muntin bars: RAL palette, veneer palette. Finish for wooden adhered muntin bars: RAL palette, transparent stain palette.
Recommended maximum areas of insulating glass units, maximum side lengths and minimum widths of spacers for single and double glazing units.
Heating glass EGLAS from Saint Gobain is an active glass whose task is to heat the interior. Thanks to their functions, they will allow you to eliminate such inconvenience as condensation of steam or snow cover on a skylight or roof. In addition, you can get thermal comfort in your customers' rooms. When applying the right conditions, this glass can even act as the main heating source. The principle of glass operation is based on the use of electric current and a metal oxide coating that covers one surface. Main benefits:thermal comfort, no drafts, no sense of cold, water vapor elimination, melting snow on skylights and roofs, ease of cleaning glass surfaces.
Decorative glazing gives the interior a homely, private atmosphere by separating from unwanted views from the outside. Aesthetic values - transmits light with a subtle diffusion, thanks to which it harmoniously matches any interior design style, both classic and modern. Light and privacy - it separates space, at the same time brightening it up and giving it perspective. Thanks to these attributes, its use allows to opticly enlarge living spaces by pleasantly diffused light. The eko4u.com search engine lists decorative glazing under the code:0_DEC_XXX - for single glass, 1_DEC_XXX - for double glazing, 2_DEC_XXX - for triple glazing packet, where XXX is the number of a specific glazing package. An example of a decorative glazing unit inscription:4 Delta BB/16 Ar/4th [Ug=1.1] (24mm)4th/12Ar/4 Crepi BB/12Ar/4th [Ug=0.7] (36mm)The following are pictures of ornamental glazing available in our offer.
Innovative glass, which allows changing standard transparent glass into etched glass in less than a second. The glass can be divided into five panels and comfortably steered using a remote or a mobile app. Intelligent glass finds reliable use in both office and home space. They ensure 100% privacy. Thanks to the option of division, the amount of light that should enter the room can be dosed. This is an energy-saving and completely safe solution: 1 square meter of Digi Glass requires only 1 W of energy, and it is powered by low voltage 48 V.
ClimaGuard® Dry glass is intended for use in triple-glazed units in buildings where window fogging due to natural water vapor condensation is a particularly undesirable phenomenon. The use of the ClimaGuard® Dry coating significantly reduces water condensation on the glass, meaning that temperature changes will no longer spoil the view from the window.
Guardian ViewBoost™ glass allows for the creation of incredibly effective facades without light reflections. The application of a special coating means that you can simultaneously enjoy all the benefits of selective glass and warm glazing units, but without darkening the interior. Guardian ViewBoost™ glass can be used in double-glazed units utilizing Guardian selective glass and in triple-glazed units as the inner pane.
Low-emission glass (sun control glass) is actually a standard flat glass with a selective coat, which is a layer that has high absorption to solar radiation (around 90-95%) and at the same time low emission of infrared radiation* (around 5-10%).
Windows with increased sound insulation parameters are equipped with soundproof (sound-absorbing) glazing. Such panes are characterised primarily by their increased thickness. The thickness of glass in standard double-glazed units is 4-6 mm, 4-8 mm or 6-10 mm. In soundproof panes, the space between the panes has been increased and the empty space filled with noble gas. This is why they are called glass units because they consist of two or more panes separated by a spacer bar.
Guardian Sun solar control glass can be used in practically all typical insulated glass units used in homes, offices, and public buildings. It significantly reduces the problem of interiors overheating, and in winter, it lowers heating costs by retaining heat indoors. Guardian Sun selective panes perform well in all conditions due to the improved thermal comfort achieved throughout the year without significant loss of visible light – they look like ordinary glass. When used as laminated panes, over 90% of harmful UV radiation is also filtered out.
AviSafe reduces the number of birds' collisions with glass barriers. AviSafe uses a special coating that enhances the reflection of UV rays, allowing birds to notice obstacles earlier and avoid them. The reflection of light waves invisible to the human eye helps achieve the desired results without negatively affecting the building's aesthetics. AviSafe glass, unlike many similar solutions on the market, has a UV-reflective coating on the surface of the first external pane, which further blurs reflections of the sky and plants – elements that increase the risk of collisions. Product Characteristics:
Thermal insulated glass is composed of two, three or four glass panes, where one, two or three are the thermofloat type glass with an invisible layer of combined noble metals (so called low emission layer). A thin, invisible to a naked eye thermally insulating layer passes the light and solar energy to the interior, in the same time preventing the heat transfer from the room to the outside. In the space between glass panes, there is a noble gas argon or krypton which additionally lowers down the heat transfer coefficient. Heat transfer coefficient depends on the number of glass panes in the package and the construction of the package and it is expressed by a symbol "Ug”.
What is a warm edge?The warm edge is a plastic element that allows you to get rid of thermal bridges, sealing them and reducing the heat transfer coefficient. It is used in the production of insulating glass to create a gap between the panes. Why is it worth using a warm edge?The warm frame is made of a material with special thermal properties, enriched with a thin layer of foil made of metals such as aluminum or steel. As a result, it allows for 100% elimination of water vapor and sealing gases. In addition, it protects the inside of the window joinery against moisture, condensation and unnecessary heat loss. It also helps to increase the overall strength of the windows.
Colours & decors
Installation & accessories
The basquil lock is a part of the fitting. It is present in wooden windows as a decorative element for their opening. It is used together with the central handle function.
Drainage - holes meant for discharging water, which can accumulate in the chamber between the sash and the frame. An exemplary way of draining water is shown in the drawing below.
Window hinges are an integral part of the window. Their purpose is to allow the right opening and closing of the window sash. The program to create offers by yourself - eko4u - will suggest the best solution. In our offer we have hinges such as:- standard window hinges - Designo hidden hinges (they allow you to open the window to maximum a 95 degree angle), - lacquered hinges (same cross-section as in standard hinges), - bottom rebate hinges, - Axxent hidden hinges (they allow you to open the window to maximum a 95 degree angle). We really make sure that both the upper window hinge and a properly selected bottom window hinge will fulfill your expectations. Additionally having regard to the aesthetic assets, we offer covers for hinges in different color variants.
Glass Barrier, is so-called French balcony, whose purpose is to protect against falling in high opening windows, without restricting the view. It is possible to use tempered, clear or frosted glass. The top edge of the balustrade is finished with slats of aluminum or stainless steel. The available color palette for the slides is:white, anthracite, EV1 natural anode (silver). By directly attaching the balustrade to the window frame at the production stage, you already get a finished product. Glass Barrier can be applied to single and double-sash PVC windows, as well as aluminum windows, in systems:PVCAluminiumIdeal 8000MB77HSBluEvolution 82MB86NBluEvolution 92MB79NS9000Genesis-UltraglideTechnical data: available heights of 900 mm and 1000 mm for PVC systems, available heights of 300 mm and 900 mm for aluminum systems, maximum width of the balustrade: 3000 mm, glass thickness: 12, 16 or 22 mm, standard anchor mounting, optional mounting on the profile, filling of laminated tempered glass, transparent or frosted, mounting directly on the frame. Mounting anchors Sill Plate
Fanlight closer is meant for closing different types of windows, vent windows, window and door systems, to which access is hindered with a lever. It is used in built-up tilt windows made of wood, PVC, aluminum and steel.
Door hinges are a very important element of the door. Although they may look different, their most important task is to ensure safety when using the door. The hinge is responsible for the proper operation of the leaf, and its proper adjustment eliminates the problem of squeaking.
⚫ The angle profile is available in veneer